World Epilepsy Day 2025: When we hear about epilepsy, we often think of seizures, but there is much more to this neurological disorder. Epilepsy is one of the neurological disorders that result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It affects everyone, regardless of their age. In fact, epilepsy can affect the quality of life. While epilepsy can result from brain injury, infections, or developmental disorders, genetics also play a major role. But can it be prevented in future generations? We got in touch with a health expert who shares insights on this.

The Role of Genetics in Epilepsy

According to Dr Aashka Ponda, Consultant Neuro-physician at Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Vadodara, more than 500 genes have been linked to epilepsy, many of which influence how neurons communicate and regulate electrical signals in the brain. Some forms of epilepsy, like Childhood Absence Epilepsy and Dravet Syndrome, are directly tied to genetic mutations.

However, not everyone who inherits a mutation will develop epilepsy. Dr Ponda explains that epilepsy is often a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This means lifestyle, stress, and diet can also influence how epilepsy-related genes function.

Can Genetic Testing Help?

Dr Furqan Khan, Consultant Neurologist, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai explains genetic counselling and testing can help an epilepsy-prone family assess its risk of passing specific genetic anomalies to offspring, thus making the process very relevant to family planning. For example, PGD can be used in in-vitro fertilization to screen for embryos without specific genetic mutations known to cause severe epilepsy syndromes. It cannot be used in all forms of epilepsy. Its cost and availability remain its limiting factor.

The Future of Gene Editing

With advancements in gene-editing technology like CRISPR-Cas9, scientists are exploring ways to modify or remove defective genes that contribute to epilepsy, Dr Ponda shares. While gene editing is still in the experimental stage, it holds promise for reducing genetic forms of epilepsy in the future.

Further, researchers are studying epigenetics, which examines how external factors like diet, toxins, and stress impact gene function. By controlling these environmental influences, it may be possible to lower the risk of developing epilepsy.

What Can Be Done Now?While complete genetic prevention is not possible yet, early diagnosis and proper management are key. Dr Ponda advises:

- Medical Treatment – Regular medication can help control seizures.

- Lifestyle Changes – Managing stress, maintaining a healthy sleep routine, and following a balanced diet can make a difference.

- Avoiding Triggers – Identifying and avoiding seizure triggers, such as flashing lights or lack of sleep, can help reduce episodes.

The future of epilepsy prevention is promising, but for now, understanding risks, making informed choices, and following medical advice remain the best strategies, he said.

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